4D Flow MRI

4D flow MRI – an innovative assessment of in-vivo hemodynamics: Recent advances in MRI have permitted unobstructed in-vivo assessment of time-resolved 3D blood velocity, using a volumetric technique referred to as 4D flow MRI. 4D flow MRI provides the unique ability to quantify complex 3D blood flow patterns in-vivo and has facilitated new insights and discovery with respect to complex cardiovascular hemodynamics. Multi-dimensional 4D flow MRI data (3 spatial dimensions describing 3D velocity over time) enables aortic blood flow visualization, quantification of regional flow and velocity.

Publications:

Markl M, Schnell S, Wu C, Bollache E, Jarvis K, Barker AJ, Robinson JD, Rigsby CK. Advanced flow MRI: Emerging techniques and applications. Clin Radiol. 2016;71:779-795

Markl M, Frydrychowicz A, Kozerke S, Hope M, Wieben O. 4D flow MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2012;36:1015-1036

Markl M, Kilner PJ, Ebbers T. Comprehensive 4D velocity mapping of the heart and great vessels by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2011;13:7